Subalterns

Concept of Subaltern and Subaltern Studies Dr. Abhishek Gopal* ‘Subaltern' originally is a term for subordinates in military hierarchies which is elaborated in the work of Antonio Gramsci to refer to groups who are outside the established structure of political representation. Subaltern was first used in a nonmilitary sense by Marxist Antonio Gramsci. Some believe that he used the term as a synonyms for proletariat, possibly as a codeword in order to get his writings past prison censors, while others believe his usage to be more nuanced and less clear cut (Morton, Stephen).It has also been emphasised that the term â€Å"subaltern† is an allusion to the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci (1881-1937) which literally, refers to any person or group of inferior rank and station, whether because of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity or religion. The term ‘subaltern' is used in post-colonial theory. The exact meaning of the term in current philosophic al and critical usage is disputed. Some thinkers use it in a general sense to refer to marginalized groups and the lower classes – a person rendered without agency by his or her social status (Young, Robert J.C. , 2003). Others such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak use it in a more specific sense. She argues that ‘subaltern' is not just a classy word for oppressed, for others, for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie†¦ In post-colonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism is Subaltern – a space of difference. Now who would say that's just the oppressed? The working class is oppressed. It's not subaltern†¦ Many people want to claim subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most dangerous.I mean, just by being a discriminated – against a minority on the university campus, they don't need the word ‘Subaltern†¦ ‘. They should see what the mechanics of discrimination are. They ar e within the hegemonic discourse wanting a piece of the pie and not being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call themselves subaltern (de Kock, Leon; 1992 : 29-47). Gayatri Spivak suggests that the subaltern is denied access to both mimetic and political forms of representation. *Ex-Lecturer, Sociology, Govt. Degree College, Jhakhini, Varanasi 2 It may also be pointed that in several essays, Homi Bhabha, a key-thinker within post-colonial thought, emphasizes the importance of social power relations in his working definition of ‘Subaltern' groups as oppressed minority groups whose presence was crucial to the self-definition of the majority group : Subaltern social groups were also in a position to subvert the authority of those who had hegemonic power (Laura Garcia et. al. , 1996, pp. 191-207).It is noteworthy that Bonaventura de Sousa Santos (2002) uses the term ‘Subaltern Cosmopolitanism' extensively in his book. He refers to this in the context of counter-hegemonic practices, movements, resistances and struggles against neoliberal globalization, particularly the struggle against social exclusion. He also uses the term interchangeably with cosmopolitan legality as the diverse normative framework for an ‘equality of differences'. Infact, here, the term subaltern is used to denote marginalized and oppressed people(s) specifically struggling against hegemonic globalization.It may be emphasized that subaltern is a term that commonly refers to the perspective of persons from regions and groups outside the hegemonic power structure. Infact, in the 1970s' the term began to be used as a reference to colonized people in the South-Asian sub-continent. It provided a new perspective on the history of colonized place from the perspective of colonized rather than from the perspective of hegemonic power. In this context, Marxist historians had already begun to view colonial history from the perspective of the proletar iat but this was unsatisfying as it was still a Euro-centric way of viewing the globe.However, Subaltern is now regularly used as a term in history, anthropology, sociology and literature. (Gyan, Prakash, 1994). â€Å"Subaltern studies began in the early 1980s' as an intervention in South-Asian historiography. † While it began as a model for the sub-continent, it quickly developed into a vigorous post-colonial critique. The term subaltern studies group (SSG) or subaltern studies collective (SSC) are a group of South Asian scholars interested in the post-colonial and post-imperial societies of South Asia in particular and the developing world in general.It may be pointed out that the term subaltern studies is sometimes also applied more broadly to others who share many of their views. Infact, their approach is one of history from below, focused more on what happens among 3 the masses at the base levels of society than among the elite. It may be observed that the group associat ed with the subaltern studies arose in the 1980, influenced by the scholarship of Eric Stokes, to attempt to formulate a new narrative of the history of India and South Asia.Undoubtedly, as stated before this narrative strategy most clearly inspired by the writings of Gramsci was explicated in the writings of the ‘mentor' Ranjit Guha, most clearly in his ‘manifesto' in ‘Subaltern studies I' and also in his classic monograph ‘The Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency' although they are, in a sense, on the left, they are very critical of the traditional Marxist narrative of Indian history, in which semi-feudal India was colonized by the British, became politicized, and earned its independence.In particular, they are critical of the focus of this narrative on the political consciousness of elites, who in turn inspire the masses to resistance and rebellion against the British. Instead, they focus on non-elitessubalterns as agents of political and social change . They, infact, have had a particular interest in the discourses and rhetoric of emerging political movements, as against only highly visible actions like demonstrations and uprisings.Thus, from the above discourse it can be observed that the Subaltern studies started in the early 1980 as an intervention in South Asian Historiography and emerged as a model for the subcontinent which quickly developed into a vigorous post-colonial critique. So far as the formation of subaltern studies group is concerned it was founded by Ranjit Guha. It may be pointed out that in more recent times, some former members have become disillusioned with the post-modern turn that the group has taken (notably Sumit Sarkar who left the group).A galaxy of eminent scholars such as Ranjit Guha, David Hardiman, Partha Chatterjee, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Gyan Pandey, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Susie Tharu, Gyan Prakash, Sudipta Kaviraj, Edward Said, David Arnold, Gautam Bhadra, Ajay Skaria, Qadri Ismail, Kamran Asda r Ali, Shail Mayaram, Sumit Sarkar (later dissented), Lata Mani, Aamir Mufti, M. S. S. Pandian, Shahid Amin are associated with Subaltern studies. The subaltern concept has become so prominent now a days that it is being regularly used in various disciplines such as literature, history, anthropology and sociology etc. REFERENCES 1. Morton, Stephen, â€Å"The subaltern : Genealogy of a concept†, in Gayatri Spivak : Ethics. 2. Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism : A very short Introduction. New York : Oxford University Press, 2003. 3. de Kock, Leon, â€Å"Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak : New Nation Writers Conference in South Africa. † A Review of International English Literature. 23 (3) 1992 : 29-47. 4. Bhabha, Homi K. â€Å"Unsatisfied : notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism†. Text and Nation : Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities. Ed. Laura Garcia – Moreno and Peter C.Pfeiffer. Columbia, SC : Camden House, 1996 : 191-207 . 5. Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2002). Towards a New Legal Common Sense, 2nd ed. (London : Lexis Nexis Butterworths), particularly, pp. 458-493. 6. Gyan Prakash, â€Å"Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism†, The American Historical Review, December 1994, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1475-1490, 1476. 7. Chaturvedi, Vinayak, ed. , Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial. London and New York, 2000. 8. Ludden, David, ed. , Reading Subaltern Studies. Critical History, Contested Meaning and the Globalization of South Asia, London, 2001.

Fundamentals of Management Essay

1) One of Zappos’ key features is free returns on shoes that don’t fit. Answer: TRUE Explanation: An online shoe store needs to be allow customers to â€Å"try on† shoes. Zappos does this with free returns and no questions asked. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 2) One element of Zappos’ success is that it has limited selection, focusing on quality rather than a great number of different brands and styles. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Zappos has an enormous selection. Selection is one of the advantages it has over conventional shoe stores. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 3) One of Zappos’ goals is to deliver WOW to its customers. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Delivering WOW is one of Zappos’ ten corporate values. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 4) A major cause of the shutdown of a BMW assembly plant in South Carolina in 2010 was a bank crisis in Iceland. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A volcanic eruption in Iceland was the cause of the shutdown, preventing deliveries to the plant. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 5) The external environment of an organization includes factors and forces that can affect how the organization operates. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The external environment includes any outside agent that can influence the performance of the organization. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 6)  The components of an organization’s external environment include a technological component and a political component. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The technological component may include such things as new software, while the political component may include office holders who directly affect a company’s business. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Analytic skills Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 7) The sociocultural component of the external environment of an organization includes trends and traditions, but not basic attitudes and values. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The sociocultural component of the external environment includes all beliefs and values as well as attitudes and behavioral patterns. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30 Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 8) The overall trend toward globalization is part of the political component of an organization’s external environment. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Globalization is part of the global component of an organization’s external environment. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 9) High interest rates have been identified as a major cause of the economic meltdown that began in 2008. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Low interest rates, rather than high interest rates, have been named as a cause of economic problems. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 10) Prior to the recession that began in 2008, many businesses became highly leveraged, which is another term for a company with a high debt-to-assets ratio. Answer: TRUE Explanation: With  cheap credit, companies tended to take on too much debt.

The rise of Renaissance culture

The rise of Renaissance culture was predetermined by the assortment of disparate events and ideas surfacing during the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries. The most important concept to come out of all the innovative developments of the late fourteenth century was a renewed belief in the power and the majesty of the human being. An interest to individuality was a line of demarcation between the medieval period, where God was the center, and the epoch of Renaissance.The Renaissance is viewed as culmination of a general rebirth of humanistic pursuits and a freeing of the artist from the restrictive dogma of the medieval Church. The status of art and the artist shifted significantly and our contemporary views on both are based very much on certain assumptions about the role of art in culture that were first developed during the Renaissance. It was in the Renaissance that the role of artist went from simple maker to that of creator (with individual genius) – the appellation once reserved only to God.As a consequence, art took on even greater significance becoming not only an expression of its age and its means of production but also the very embodiment of genius. Filippo Brunelleschi fairly takes the place of such a genius. It was he, the Italian architect and sculptor, who made revolutionary discoveries in architecture. This Florentine was the first and perhaps the most distinguished of the Renaissance architects. The best support for the veracity of this statement is Brunelleschi’s solution for the dome of Florence Cathedral, the building that made him most complete and representative Renaissance artist.The story of Brunelleschi’s success begins with his failure. In 1401 the competition for a pair of bronze doors for Baptistery was announced (Web Gallery of Art). This was to be one of the greatest competitions at the age, and it pitted two of Florence’s most talented young artists against each other: Fili ppo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. The competition asked each artist to submit design of cast bronze around the subject of the sacrifice of Isaac. Brunelleschi lost the bid. But this perhaps initial loss was the Renaissance’s gain in that his later discoveries in architecture were to prove revolutionary.At the time of competition the Florence Cathedral was still unfinished. The problem was how to successfully bridge the enormous area of central tower without the use of flying buttresses, which were out of question because of their obvious incompatibility with the beautiful Romanesque marble exterior. Brunelleschi studied many ancient building projects in Rome such a Parthenon and suggested that a dome could in fact be built without the visual distraction created by buttressing. His answer was the implementation of classical vaulting techniques.Thus Brunelleschi’s innovative design provided further evidence of the new sensibility of Renaissance art. Brunelleschi und erstood that the principles of buttressing were useful in spreading the enormous weight of a dome over a greater expanse – thereby alleviating much of stress on the walls and foundation of the structure. He thus concluded that the tall supporting walls of the dome had to be constructed with tribunes, small offshooting extensions from the original walls, which would act as the original buttress, to disperse weight over a wider area.In this way Brunelleschi manipulated the basic tenets of medieval cathedral construction to better serve the interests of the new church. Clearly, however, it was the dome itself that created such awe among the Florentines. No structure like it had been attempted in Europe since antiquity, and never before on such an immense scale. In 1420 he began to build the Cathedral dome, a vast octagonal structure crowned by an enormous lantern designed by Brunelleschi alone.His solution was to create a dome within a dome, which would further support the exter ior weight effectively while removing the need for interior armatures or any other superfluous accessories that would distract from the simplicity of the construction. The outer dome was thus constructed as a light skin or cover, exhibiting great visual authority over the Florence skyline. The use of â€Å"spiraling courses of herringbone brickwork, iron chains and sloping masonry rings to bind the dome together, and ribs joining the shells† (King, 87) are his inventions, although owe much to his studies of Roman structures.Brunelleschi’s genius lay in his abilities to combine ancient and modern aesthetic, architectural, and engineering principles. The result was a resurgence in dome architecture, since now architects possessed both the skill and technical know-how to attempt structures which had only years before been thought impossible. In the words of Vasari, Brunelleschi â€Å"was sent by Heaven to invest architecture with new forms, after it had wandered astray f or many centuries† (Vasari, 104).The ‘new forms’ were those of Classical antiquity, which Brunelleschi applied to such building types as cathedrals and basilican churches for which there were no ancient precedents. In these schemes he was the first since antiquity to make use of the Classical orders; at the same time he employed a proportional system of his own invention, in which all units were related to a simple module, the mathematical characteristics of which informed the entire structure. Brunelleschi worked almost exclusively in Florence, and many features link his architecture with the Romanesque heritage of that city.Nevertheless, he was beyond question responsible for initiating the rediscovery of ancient Roman architecture. He understood its inherent principles and he employed them in an original manner for the building tasks of his own day. So what we may conclude from Brunelleschi’s technical breakthrough that in the best way complied with Rena issance requirements? First, it must be remembered that had it not been for the renewed interest in Classical thought and culture, it is doubtful that artist like Brunelleschi would have sought inspiration from Roman architecture such as a Pantheon.It was not that artists and architects had not been interested in such building solutions before Brunelleschi comes on the scene, but simply that most looked toward more spiritual and divine art forms. Brunelleschi’s dome is by design a stable and symmetrical structure. It possesses attributes that visually mimic the emerging Renaissance ideas of harmony and equilibrium over the obedience and superstition that had marked the previous age. In this way, the innovative dome construction situates itself as a vivid reminder of the greatest influences its creator had in his time. Works Cited PageKing, Ross Brunelleschi’s Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture, New York: Walker and Company, 2000 Vasari, Giorgio. The Lives of the Artists. Transl. by Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998 â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Biography† from Web Gallery of Art Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /bio/b/brunelle/biograph. html â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Cupola† from Florence Art Guide Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. mega. it/eng/egui/monu/bdd. htm â€Å"Filippo Brunelleschi† from Wikipedia Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi

Computed Tomography Dosimetry and Dose Risks Research Paper

Computed Tomography Dosimetry and Dose Risks - Research Paper Example Cardiac DECT scan was performed by using potential clinical protocol (GSI 15 imaging protocol, 64 sections at 0.625-mm collimation, alternating energy between 80 kVp and 140 kVp, 640 mA, 0.6-second tube rotation). Absorbed organ doses were measured by using an adult male breast (female breast attached) anthropomorphic phantom and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor detectors (MOSFET), and were obtained also by the computational method based on the Monte Carlo simulation (Im-PACT calculator). The MOSFET dosimeters were evaluated for reproducibility, linearity, energy, and angular dependence. Our results indicated that the MOSFET dosimeter has excellent linearity within diagnostic dose ranges, but in low dose regions, the values are less reliable. The energy dependence was about 7% at tube potentials from 80 kV to 140 kV. The results from performing GSI 15 protocol Im-PACT calculator showed that the breast, lung, stomach, and esophagus had the highest recorded absorbed or gan doses. For the same organs, the MOSFET does measurements were consistently lower than the calculated doses by Im-PACT. The estimates of radiation risk in this study are relatively small for any individual patient. The X-ray Computed Tomography technology has become the method of choice for most diagnostic imaging procedures due to the remarkable advances over the past few decades, contributing to the improvement of diagnostic image quality and the reduction of examination time and cost (AAPM 23, 2008, the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication (ICRP) 103, 2007, Huda et al, 2008). This has led to a rapid increase in using the CT scanners around the world. In the United States alone, 62 million CT scans were performed in 2006, of which 4 million were for children (Brenner & Hall, 2007). In Japan, there are 91 scanners per million people (Coach, 2008).  

Amazon.com in the stock market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amazon.com in the stock market - Research Paper Example Additionally, it generates more revenue through promotional and marketing services such as cobranded credit agreements and online advertising. Amazon.com, Inc. operates in two market segments, which include North America and International (Miller et al. 8). This company achieved the publication rights, from Avalon Books, to over 3,000 books titles particularly in Mystery, Romance, and western categories, in June 2012. Amazon.com serves its customers through its retail websites. Its websites are designed in a way that enable the company itself and third parties to sell their products across a wide range of product categories. In addition to selling a number of products, this company also manufactures and sells kindle devices (Miller et al. 8). This company focuses on everyday shipping and pricing offers through its membership, in Amazon Prime. Its products are distributed to customers through several channels, which include digital delivery, co-sourced and outsourced programs in some countries, and through the United States and International fulfillment warehouses and centers (Miller et al. 22). The company is supported by its customer care centers that are distributed throughout the globe, which are backed up by co-sourced programs. Amazon.com offers arrangements that enable its sellers to sell their own branded websites and products through its websites (Miller et al. 23). The company does not benefit directly from the sells made by its sellers, but it earns revenue through revenue share fees, fixed fees, and per-unity activity fee. Independent publishers and authors are served through the company’s Kindle Direct publishing. This is a platform that enables publishers and independent authors to choose a 70 percent royalty option to make academic materials available in the Kindle Store (Miller et al. 17). The company also has its own publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, which offers independent authors another channel to publish their books. CreateSpace is another channel through which filmmakers, musicians, and authors sell their products. It offers manufacturing and on-demand publishing for independent publishers, music labels, content creators, and film studio. The North America segment consists of revenue earned from retail sales of consumer subscriptions and products through North America-focused Websites like www.amazon.ca and www.amazon.com. The North America segment also includes export sales from www.amazon.ca and www.amazon.com (Miller et al. 47). The international segment, on the other hand, consists of revenue from retail sales of consumer subscriptions and products through internationally targeted locations (Miller et al. 47). It also includes export sales from these internationally targeted regions, including export sales from the United States’ and Canada’s customers through these sites, but it excludes export sales from its Canadian and United States regions (Miller et al. 48). There has been a general do wntrend movement of amazon.com Inc’s share prices since September 15, 2012. For example, the share prices were at $252.01 on October 1, 2012. The stock prices increased significantly in the next four days and reached a high of $260.47, on October 04, 2012 (Teweles & Bradley 123). The share prices then assumed a down trend, in the next 24 hours, and closed at a low of $258.51, on October 05, 2012. The share prices then assumed an upward trend and reached a hig

Leadership Apollo 13 movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Apollo 13 movie - Essay Example One of the key characters in the film is Jim Lovell; whose real name is real life is Tom Hanks. Tom Hanks depicts the qualities of a leader as depicted by DuBrin in his book â€Å"Leadership†. Jim Lovell portrays some of the most appropriate leadership character traits which deal with interpersonal aspects of a leader. According to DuBrin, Leadership has everything to do with motivation and change among other aspects (35). Other aspects that DuBrin classifies as part of a leader’s role are the administrative and planning aspects. Apollo 13 has the appropriate example of how a leader should act when there are challenges, which are unexpected in an organization. Jim Lovell is portrayed as a charismatic leader, one who is quick in action and a fast thinker when there is a crisis. This character trait is evident in one of the scenes where Jim Lovell and other astronauts approach their long awaited destination. Before landing, the craft’s power system starts having a problem and the crew’s supply of oxygen also runs out. This is the time Jim Lovell’s leadership skills are put to the test when the crew begins to panic. The crew members were aware that there was a problem and time was running out. From this scene, viewers get to see Jim Lovell as a democratic leader, as he favors no crew member when they start panicking and each member is allowed to contribute to decision making. As DuBrin indicates in his book, for a person to be considered an effective leader, he or she has to be aware of cer tain tactics of influencing people (263). On page 263, DuBrin’s point is that when such a person has the ability to influence, he has the power as a leader. Jim Lovell is also depicted as a hands-on leader. DuBrin states that hands-on leadership is required in all areas, if the leader is to be classified as an effective leader (250). Lovell is directly involved in the lives of his crew members. This can be evidenced in the beginning of the film, where Lovell decides

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & ABSTRACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & ABSTRACT - Essay Example Lastly, I am deeply grateful to my brother, who patiently assisted me and helped me succeed in completing this project. The cost of non-renewable energy is increasingly rapidly over time. In addition to increasing costs, non-renewable energy sources are also damaging to the environment and risk depleting precious resources. It appears that batteries may be a good alternative providing that their source is renewable. In addition, batteries can be used as a power source in areas where traditional power sources are not accessible. In many isolated areas of the countryside, lead-acid batteries have become a popular and dependable source of energy for many people due to the lack of efficient power grids used in urban areas. Lead-acid batteries are often used as secondary power sources, although some people, particularly in rural areas, use them as the main source of power. Due to this need for more accessible, dependable power sources in rural areas, I am developing an affordable, multipurpose lead-acid battery charger. This battery charger is being designed with the specific needs of people in isolated r ural areas in mind and to be used particularly in outdoor situations. This lead-acid battery charger circuit design is ideal for 6-12v batteries and will be able to charge lead-acid batteries during the sunlight hours by utilizing solar power, a renewable power source. This circuit battery charger will utilize a regulator and a comparator to control the power that travels between the solar cell panel and the battery unit, which promotes efficient charging. In whole-battery operations, the circuit battery charger will charge the battery to full capacity while at the same time limiting over-charging and increasing battery life. The second unit informs the user of the charging status of the battery, and consists of four LEDs. Simulation of

Research Methodologies in Communication Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Methodologies in Communication - Research Paper Example In the field of communication, quantitative research seeks to establish communication as a behavioral science. The researchers using this method use the scientific models to show the effect of different aspects of communication. Some of the research areas include areas such as, the effect of medical marijuana advertisements on the American population, and the effect of violence games on children. The qualitative research methods produce reliable and quantifiable data that can be generalized to represent a greater population. The weakness that this method has is that it removes the research from the human behavior perspective (Weinreich1996). This makes the information to lose touch with reality by ignoring the factors that were not included in the research. Qualitative research methods are important in exploring a singular occurrence of importance. The methods used include interpretation of data and observation through personal interviews and ethnography. These research methods seek to explain a research question or problem from the perspective of the population that the research is conducted (Mack, Song et al. 2011). When it comes to matters dealing with opinions, behavior, values as well as social contexts of a community, qualitative research methods are effective to do the research. Using this method is advantageous in that it describes complex situations of how people deal with, or perceive a particular research issue. In examining the occurrence, they make reference to the full context of the phenomenon.

Granite South Carolina Train Disater Term Paper

Granite South Carolina Train Disater - Term Paper Example ion was train number 192 of the Norfolk southern train while the other stationary one was also a Norfolk Southern train number P22 and was effectively stationed on a siding adjacent to the Avondale Mills factory. One of the most probable causes that could have fundamentally fueled this particular event was the fact that the train number 192 was potentially misdirected using switching of train lanes from the main one to a subsidiary track into the region of where the train number 192 was directed and hence this accredited to the collision near the Avondale Mills plant. Norfolk southern train number 192 was also scheduled to carry and in effect was carrying bulk amounts of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and cresol while when the incident took place one of the containers loaded with latter chemicals punctured on site and the surrounding block of topography was potentially exposed to hazardous elements in these course of events. The non-static locomotive was carrying forty two cars from which sixteen were derailed at the point of impact. Further to this the stationary engine labeled train number P22 had two cars docked from which one of them fell out at the point of impact. It may also be imperative to note that one of the freight cars loaded on train number 192 had ninety tons on chlorine from which sixty ton of the gas was emitted again during the crash. It was established later in a NTSB (National transport safety board) that the leak was due to a puncture in the chlorine container and hence this was the particular reason the hazardous gas was emitte d into the atmosphere. The NTSB report also showcased that three emergency calls were made right after the crash with potential eyewitness claiming to have seen and heard a train wreck in the area. The report also stressed that one of the three callers claimed to have smelled bleach near the crash site after which the call was abruptly ended. The fact again signifies that the chlorine containers did in actuality break from

Brochure, Data Repository Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brochure, Data Repository - Assignment Example The Patient-Keeper Business Continuity will serve as a secondary access point for physicians and other hospital/clinical staff thereby keeping the hospital running. The system also supports web portal and other mobile devices; thus, enabling the clinicians accessing current information as would be in the case of downtime. Data captured from new patients during downtime using this application are automatically synchronized into the main system once they are set up. Key Features of Data Repository The backbend systems in the form of abstract application data HIS domains and multiple hospital systems aggregated data Complete patients’ information with historical data loader Purges and achieves data defined or based on parameters Benefits Lower costs for upgrading or changing HIS since there is no need of retaining physicians There is room for adding hundreds or thousands of portal users without interfering with HIS load It reduces IT costs for continuity especially during HIS dow ntime Helps in accessing, integrating, and solving challenges in hospitals and health care systems It performs it's intended services without replacing the existing systems It acts on the top layer in the help formation systems thereby providing simple, rich, and timely information to both patients and health care providers. Health care systems and patient can collect data concerning Patient Keeper Data Repository since they can use the same data: To analyze the system across time periods Adopt variance analysis across different scenarios Drill down into the collected data towards understanding the system Use that data for real time consolidation across varied entities Database A database is a term referring to a collection of information that are organized in an effective and effective way to allow computer programs to be selected easily according to the desired data pieces. Therefore, the database can be regarded as an electronic filing system. Traditionally, databases are often o rganized according to fields, records, and files. Database files are single pieces of information wile records are complete sets of fields that are contained in a collection referred to files (Kroenke, 2012). For instance, files analogously are related to telephone books that contain a list of records each of which is defined under three main fields including name, address, and the telephone number. The information in the database is usually accessed through the database management system (Kroenke, 2012). The database management system is a collection of programs that facilitate feeding, organizing, and selecting data from the database. Primary Key is a relational table that identifies each record in the database system uniquely. The Primary Key can be either a normal attribute that has unique features such the table’s social number security, or the DBMS can generate the Primary Key through globally unique identifiers. It should be noted that the primary key has a single or m ultiple unique attributes that are combined as a unit. The vital features of primary keys are that it must contain a unique value to each data row and it can never contain a null value (Kroenke, 2012). The foreign key is a group of columns within a relational database table. Notably, the foreign key links between any two data in two different tables. Therefore, it acts as a cross reference between these tables

Great expectations Essay Example for Free

Great expectations Essay The novel Great Expectations is centred on the child protagonist, Pip. The novel is known as a bildungsroman. A bildungsroman is a novel which traces the Spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character from (usually) childhood to maturity. The novel is set in the mid-1800s, and written in the first-person from the perspective of Pip. Pip, which comes from a working class family (in those days) develops a burning desire to become a gentleman due to his love for Estella, whom he meets in the mysterious house of Miss Havisham. This then becomes a responsibility when he discovers that he has a benefactor. Pip develops because hes discontented with his own home and wants to become part of the higher class of society. The novel deals with his feelings about himself and the environment around him. He sets out on a journey, ordained by his secret benefactor, to become the gentleman he dreamt of being. However, this change of life leads him to look down on his home and relatives, especially Joe, who becomes heartbroken; and Pip is forced to reassess his priorities and feelings at the end of the novel. In the novel, Dickens brings about the truth in life in those times; that only rich people had the opportunity to be educated and go far in life. This way the reader had can feel the pain and ambition that Pip yearned to fulfil through his life and; and see how neglectful Pip becomes after he starts to accomplish his dream. The sympathy the reader would have felt towards Pip severely diminishes as the novel progresses, and it is only in the second-half of the novel Pip realises his spite towards the people he truly loves. Dickens concludes the story by giving a message of great expectation; the novel finishes by showing the reader how the society around Pip changes his views and his belief of his inner mind. Pip is first introduced in the graveyard, in chapter one. The reader learns many things about the main character from the start of the novel. Pip is an innocent young orphan and was bought up by his sister Mrs Joe. This is established by Dickens in chapter 1 I never saw my father or my mother. The reader learns that Pips parents have passed away. This brings us to feel immediate sympathy towards the miserable young boy who seems to be alone in this big world. Pip is portrayed as a fearful and a very small child as we first meet him in the grave yard as Pip pleads in terror at the spectre who grabs him. Pip yells, O! dont cut my throat, sir, evidently suggesting that he is petrified but has been brought up to treat people with manners and respects; as he calls him sir. However, the fact that Pips life was under the assailants control might have been the reason that Pip was so reverent. Pip is portrayed as a vulnerable character when we first meet him, and this is greatly reinforced by his appearance; dishevelled, skinny, and small. Pips life at home is very unfair because Mrs Joe has raised Pip up by hand bringing him up strictly by punishing him; for instance, she torments poor Pip by hitting him with the tickler (her rather affectionate title for the cane she uses to beat Pip). Pip also says Home had never been a very pleasant place to me, because of my sisters temper. This gives the impression that Pip was scared of staying at home and also that his sister treated him ungratefully. All this implies that Pip is being bullied by his sister and makes the reader have pity towards Pip because hes been rejected by his only family. It also suggests that Mrs Joe had bought Pip up single handedly with no gratitude. Joe and Pip are bonded together because Joe has acted like Pips father, and also due to the fact that Mrs Joe beats him just as she does Pip. Unlike Mrs Joe, Mr Joe has always been friendly and protective. This is suggested when Pip says Joe imparted a confidence to me. This shows that Joe is caring and will stand beside Pip through good times and bad times as a father. During chapter three a terrible feeling runs through Pip when he steals food from Mrs Joe to take to the convict. Pip feels scared because his conscience frightens him by saying A boy with somebody -elses pork pie! Stop him this suggests that Pip is feeling very guilty and he knows the difference between right and wrong, but is compelled to do the wrong thing because of fear. Although he is acting mainly due to fear; hes also very generous and shows compassion because hes saving the convicts life by feeding him. Dickens uses many techniques such as linguistic techniques in his writing to create various effects and as a way of communicating his characters emotions. An example of this can be seen in Chapter Three when Pip wakes up knowing he has to steal from Mrs Joe to provide the convict with food. Dickens describes the weather on the window with a particularly powerful simile creating memorable images in the readers mind As if some goblin had been crying there all night this descriptive image connects to Pips mood at this time. This image of the crying goblin using the window for his handkerchief reflects the fact that Pip is feeling miserable, lonely and scared about what hes being forced to do. This technique encourages the reader to feel sorry for him and anxious for him as well.

Issues Analysis- Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Issues Analysis- Indigenous People Essay As the British arrived on the land of the aboriginal people they hoped to absorb the aboriginal people into their culture to work in the new colony. The aboriginal people tried to avoid the settlers but as the land became more occupied contact became unavoidable. Governor Phillip wanted to avoid any unnecessary conflict so he treated the aboriginal people with kindness and ordered his soldiers not to shoot any of them. He captured many aboriginals and one of them was Bennelong. He wanted them to learn English and act as translators between the Indigenous groups and the British. There were clashes over the land and culture of Aboriginals and the British. Phillip ignorantly ordered his soldiers to fire at the Aboriginal people as he has already tried to civilise them and assimilate them into the British culture and society was not working as he had hoped. The Aboriginal peoples saw that the British settlers were putting up fences clearing the land, restricting access and introducing different animals; so they started to think that the British were invading, this lead to retaliation from the Aboriginals. By 1797, attitudes and policy toward the Indigenous peoples had changed. No longer did the government decide to assimilate the Indigenous peoples, but rather have a new policy and that was to ‘keep them out’. In 1800 Governor King had reported to the British government the number of Aboriginal people killed in fighting was far greater than the number of British people killed. The common response from the government to the Aboriginal resistance was to send expeditions of solders to punish any groups that threatened settlers and farms. These soldiers hunted and killed groups of Indigenous people that were thought to have been stealing stock, food and generally harassing the settlers. Government instructions after 1800 were to fire at all indigenous peoples until they were far away from British settlements. As the British settlement gotten bigger, the Indigenous peoples lost more and more of their land and many of their family members. They became more reliant on the British settlers to provide them food, shelter and water. As their traditional life was slowly eroding, many Aboriginal people started living on the outskirts of towns or started working as servants or slaves for the British settlements. The inability for the Aboriginal people to succeed in this era it caused a change in the European view of the time, that Indigenous peoples were inferior, and were unable to look after themselves or the land. However not all contact was violent with the British settlers and the Aboriginal people. At times there was friendly contact and peace. Some Aboriginal peoples voluntarily became part of the British society. There is also plenty of evidence that groups of Indigenous peoples helped Europeans when they were in trouble and this was quite often, as life for British settlers was extremely hard in the early years of the colony. British colonisation of Australian started in Sydney in 1788. The rapidly occurring consequences within weeks of the first colonists arrival was a wave of European epidemic diseases such as smallpox, chickenpox, influenza and measles. These diseases affected the largest population densities where these diseases could spread easier. The next consequence of British settlement was water resources and the management of land. The settlers viewed Indigenous Australians as Nomads with no civilised concept of land ownership, who could be charged from the land wanted for farming. The aboriginals would easily migrate elsewhere. The impact on the aboriginals was fatal as there was loss of traditional lands, water resources and food sources, as the communities were affected by European diseases. The spiritual and cultural cohesion and well-being was affected because of the communities being forced away from the traditional areas. The settlers brought sexually transmitted diseases, and indigenous Australians had no tolerance and therefore greatly reduced fertility and birth-rates. Settlers were responsible for introducing the alcohol, opium and tobacco, and substance abuse has remained a huge problem for Indigenous communities. The result of disease, loss of land and violence reduced the Aboriginal population by an estimated 90% between 1788 and1900. Smallpox alone killed more than 50% of the Aboriginal population. Up to 3000 white people were killed by Indigenous Australians in the frontier violence. Most Indigenous people became a significant source of labour. Most of the work was unpaid, instead they survived on the rations that the workers received such as forms of food, clothing ad other basic necessities. In many areas of Australia Christian missions donated food and clothing for the indigenous people and opened schools and orphanages for Indigenous children. In some places of Australia colonial governments provided some resources. In 1914 around 1200 Aboriginal people answered the call to arms as the war was desperate for new recruits. Many Indigenous people claimed they were Indian or cook islanders to avoid the laws of no indigenous people being in the defence force. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians#The_impact_of_British_settlement There are many health promoting strategies today such as ‘Two Ways Together: NSW Aboriginal Affairs Plan 2003-2012’, ‘COAG Agreement, they set six gaps for closing the disadvantage gap between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people’, CEO performance agreements. Resetting the relationship with Indigenous Australians is important and this partnership must be respectful. It takes both parties to make a difference. Recent research by Reconciliation Australia indicates that Australians have a strong desire to better understand the Indigenous peoples. Acknowledging Indigenous disadvantage is a national responsibility that will require the engagement of the Australian Community. The government has committed to working in partnership with Indigenous Australians, businesses, state and territory governments and community organisations. http://www. skwirk. com. au/p-c_s-56_u-415_t-1040_c-4006/british-aboriginal-relations-1788-1820/qld/sose-history/first-australians-and-the-european-arrivals/settlement-1788-1850.

The Mid Valley Megamall Tourism Essay

The Mid Valley Megamall Tourism Essay In the previous chapter, secondary data such as books, journals and online journals are used to conduct the literature review. In this chapter, primary data is collected through the case study. This chapter will cover the research framework consists of research purpose, research method, sampling method, research instrument and information collected from the case study. The analysis of the data is discussed in the next chapter. This case study is conducted for the purpose of investigating the level of customer satisfaction of the local customers towards the performance of a shopping centre. Mid valley megamall is chosen as the subject in case study. The time frame for the whole research is 1 month. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK First of all, the measurement objectives must be specified in order to simplify the research process. Basically, there are four types of customer satisfaction survey which is based on the measurement objectives of the research (Vavra, 2002). Since this research is used to investigate the level of performance of a shopping centre from the customers satisfaction in general, thus, it is known as overall status survey. According to Vavra, overall status survey is emphasized more on the general issues, overall performance, and overall customers satisfaction. (2002) RESEARCH METHOD AND PURPOSE This research is conducted using quantitative research method. From the customer satisfaction survey, the research information collected from the sample is the primary data. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of customers satisfaction in a shopping centre, to identify the actual need of customers through the distribution of questionnaires to the sample and to clarify whether the performance meet the customers expectations. POPULATION AND SAMPLING METHOD Sampling method is a method of choosing a group of peoples from the entire target population in order to obtain the required information. Basically, there are two types of sampling designs: probability and non-probability. This research has adopted non probability sampling technique which is most suitable for a widely dispersed population such as the customers of Mid Valley Megamall. It is impossible to use the probability sampling method for this research due to the difficulty in identifies the target populations as it is too large for research. The sample is selected to estimate the gross results because less cost and time required and the sample is easily obtained while compared with the probability sampling technique. The target populations for this research are the Malaysian customers of Mid Valley Megamall and the sample is limited to adult from 18 to 50 years old. This sample is chosen because these groups of person visit the shopping mall more frequently than other demographic profile. The sample size of 100 customers ranged from 18 to 50 years old is considered as representative of Malaysian customers of Mid Valley Megamall. 3.4 DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRE Questionnaire is used as research instrument for this study. The questionnaires are prepared according to the objectives which set up at the beginning. In order to obtain better response from the sample, the questionnaires are designed to be simple and easy to be understood. If the length of the questionnaires is too long, it will affect the rate of response. According to Vavra, there are four types of question can be collected, namely facts, attitudes, prediction behavior and demographics. (2002). Diversified types of question are more interesting for the customers. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The first section is about the demographic profile of the respondent. The objective is to know the respondents background. The second section is about the general information regarding the relationship between the respondents and the shopping mall. Besides, it is used to identify the actual need of the customers. The third section is about the investigation on the level of satisfaction of the customers from the sample chosen towards the location, product performance, staff, building layout, infrastructure and facilities provided in the shopping mall. This section is important in determine whether the shopping mall meet the requirements of the customers. Furthermore, it includes the recommendations from the customers in order to help the shopping mall to enhance their performance in the future. 3.5 SCALE For the questionnaire, every question has its own response options such as open-ended response and close-ended response. Open-ended questions require the opinions of the customers regarding the overall performance of the shopping mall. Close-ended questions are more efficient and quantifiable because it consists of numeric scales which used by the customers to express their feelings in a simple way. The scale is known as Likert Scale. The 5-point numerical scale is adopted which ranging from 1 to 5, 1 represents not satisfied, 2 represents somewhat dissatisfied, 3 represents neither satisfied or dissatisfied, 4 represents somewhat satisfied and 5 represents strongly satisfied. The scale help the respondents to make a clear decision based on their level of satisfaction. 3.6 DISTRIBUTION METHOD Distribution method also known as field method and it defined as the way used by the interviewer to distribute the questionnaires to the sample. The questionnaires in research are distributed to the customers personally at the Mid Valley Megamall and at the same time they return the questionnaires. 3.7 CASE STUDY: MID VALLEY MEGAMALL 3.71 BACKGROUND Mid Valley Megamall is one of the Malaysias largest urban development projects in the world. It was one of the projects inside the Mid Valley City. Mid Valley City desires to be the most modern and integrated mixed-use developments in the world. The construction starts in year 1995. At present, it comprises Mid Valley Megamall, Cititel Hotel, Menara IGB, Boulevard Offices, Boulevard Hotel, Northpoint Mid Valley City, Centrepoint North and South Towers, The Gardens Retail Gallery, The Gardens Hotel, The Gardens Residences and two landmark office towers. IGB Corporation Berhad, a property and investment holding company listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad is the developer of Mid Valley City while the Mid Valley Megamall is owned and operated by Kris Assets Holdings Berhad, a listed IGB subsidiary company. A two dimension master plan of Mid Valley City is enclosed in appendix. 3.72 DESCRIPTIONS OF MID VALLEY MEGAMALL Mid Valley Megamall is selected for the case study. Mid Valley Megamall is launched in year 1995 and it was opened in November 1999. Mid Valley Megamall is a complex consists of a shopping mall, an office tower block, 30 signature offices and two hotels. It is the first shopping mall comprises four successful anchor tenants, namely Jaya Jusco, Metrojaya, Carrefour and Golden Screen Cinemas. Besides, it comprises 13 junior and mini anchors and 403 specialty shops. Mid Valley Megamall has a gross floor area of 4.5 million square feet and net lettable area exceeds 1.7 million square feet. Mid Valley City is planned and developed as a City in a CityMid Valley Megamall is a key part of Mid Valley City. It was awarded the Best Shopping Complex Award 2000 by Tourism Malaysia and Best Retail Development Award 2001 by FIABCI Malaysia (International Real Estate Federation). Mid Valley Megamall is a good choice for the local residents and foreign tourists. Jusco is the Malaysias shopping retailing chain and supermarkets Carrefour is the largest hypermarket chain in the world in terms of size and the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue and third largest in terms of profit. It occupies one floor of Mid Valley Megamall. It provides a wide range of products, from fresh farm products, colourful seafood to household brands. Metrojaya occupied three floors of Mid Valley Megamall and offers wide range of local and international quality products which cater the need of medium and high income groups. Golden Screen Cinemas is the Malaysias largest chain of cinema which offers 18 screens and provides 2899 comfortable seats and spacious leg room. GSC not only brings you the best blockbuster, but also the international screening. Figure: Four Anchor Tenants of Mid Valley Megamall 3.73 MISSION AND VISION Mid Valley Megamall is aimed to fulfilling everyones needs. In order to achieve the mission, the highly energetic and talented professionals are appointed in departments. In fact, Mid Valley Megamall emphasizes on their service standard and it wishes to create a modern and stylish shopping paradise for their customers. As long as the customers are in the Mid Valley Megamall, they will make sure everyone enjoy the services and products provided. Besides, Mid Valley Megamall aims to maintain the growth of the shopping mall in the competitive retail industry. 3.74 FACTORS INFLUENCE THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY Mid Valley Megamall is strategically located between Kuala Lumpur Central Business District and Petaling Jaya. It is located in a convenient location that can be easily accessible from all corners on the Klang Valley. Besides it is surrounded by Petaling Jaya, Bangsar and Damansara. There is a KTM Komuter train-stop and a LRT Station nearby while taxis are available at the entrances of Centre, North and South Courts. The KTM commuter station can be accessed through a covered pedestrian bridge to the Megamall. Its believed to bring an average of 10,000 passengers each day. The station is disable-friendly, and facilities comprise toilets, lifts, covered platforms, ticket and information counters and ticket vending machines. Furthermore, Mid Valley has offers free complimentary shutter bus services (Trinton Bus) at an interval of 30 minutes to 1 hour that travel between Bangsar LRT Station and Mid Valley South Court. Other option of transportation is the public transport available, the detail information about public transport is shown in figure. Figure: The KTM Route (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website) Monday-Thursday Friday-Sunday Services available at every 30* minutes intervals *Subject to traffic conditions Form Bangsar LRT Station First Departure: 8.05 am Last Departure: 10.40pm From Mid Valley Megamall First Departure: 8.10am Last Departure: 10.45pm Form Bangsar LRT Station First Departure: 8.05 am Last Departure: 10.40pm From Mid Valley Megamall First Departure: 8.10am Last Departure: 10.55pm No shuttle services between these time 10.55am 11.25am 3.10pm 4.10pm 7.30pm 8.00pm No shuttle bus services between there times 10.55am 11.25am 2.45pm 3.45pm 7.15pm 7.45pm Figure: Bus Schedule for Shutter Bus (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website) Bus No Bus Route Frequency Bus Stop Location T631 University LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall University LRT Station 20 30 min North Court U66 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Brickfields Mid Valley Megamall Taman Medan 15 20 min North Court South Court U84 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall Kelana Jaya 15 20 min North Court South Court U85 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall SS2 Seapark 15 20 min North Court South Court U87 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall Bangsar Park 15 20 min North Court South Court Figure: General Bus Services (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website.) Mid Valley Megamall can be accessed through five major highways and two railway lines. In the future, the improvement of road and public transportation will be done. It includes a designated monorail station, a link bridge to the Putra LRT Station and the upgrading of internal traffic flow. Being located in between Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya, an amount of RM250 million was invested in constructing a flyover and enhance the network of road for the purpose to connect the Federal Highway and all the major catchment and residential suburbs or businesses premises within Klang Valley to Mid Valley Megamall. The location plan is enclosed in appendix X. Meanwhile, the location of the department stores is also very important for the convenient of the customers. INFRASTRUCTURES AND FACILITIES Mid Valley consists of four entrances located at the direction of east, south, north and west respectively. Information Counters are available in Centre, North and South Court at ground floor. They are willing to assist those customers by showing a helpful attitude. In terms of car parking, Mid Valley is provided 4000 car parks in order to cater the need of high crowd during peak hours. Effective from 5 May 2008, the basement car parks of Mid Valley Megamall The Gardens Mall were separated where the car parks for Mid Valley Megamall are zones A and C. The exact location of the parking area is shown in the plan enclosed in appendix. Figure: New Car Park Rates effective 26 March 2007 until the present. (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website.) Besides, Mid Valley Megamall also provides washrooms and baby changing facilities. The washrooms provided for the benefit of all the customers while the baby changing facilities are provided for the benefit of a mother. In addition, Mid Valley Megamall is comprises five lifts which enable the customers to travel from floor to floor. Escalators also available at East, South and North Court and there are two travelators that connecting the lower ground floor with basement which is very convenient for the customers. A proper floor plan is enclosed in appendix for further clarification of the exact location for the facilities and infrastructures. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Mid Valley consists of five floors where each floor is specifying for certain products and services. Lower ground floor is for daily essentials such as hypermarket, supermarket, pharmacies and money-changers. Besides, this floor is providing a numerous fast food outlet and local delights. Ground floor is mainly for the adults which include the apparel, footwear, accessories, beauty care, health care, bookstore and others essential items that fulfill the desires of an adult. First floor is the paradise for a kid, which include the fashion for kids, beauty and hair saloons for the adults. Second floor is specialized for those who wish to decorate their house. Besides, IT Centre is also available in this floor to cater the need of young generation in the ever changing technology of the world. Third floor is for entertainment such as Golden Screen Cinemas, Mid Valley Exhibition Centre, Pets Wonderland, Cosmic Bowl, Megakidz and a food court. Besides the products, the proper display area also being taken into consideration in order to be easily accessible by the customer. Mid valley is able to stimulate customers to spend more time and money in Mid Valley through the visual display merchandising. The store directory: Anchors Accessories Apparel Discounters Entertainment Exhibition/ Property Showroom Food and Beverage Health/ Personal Care Houseware and Furnishings Information Technology Jewellery Leisure Luggage Shoes and Bags Sporting Goods and Apparel Sundry and Services Tailoring Textile Watches and Pens Mid Valley Megamall also provides certain services for the convenience of the customers. The services provided: ATMs Banks Cobbler Laundrette Money Changers Post Office Alteration Shop Clinic Dentist Locksmith Newstands Print Shop STAFF In addition, Mid Valley Megamall is continually investing in a comprehensive staff training and skills development programme which aimed at improving both the soft and hard skills of the staff and enable them to perform their responsibilities in a right manner. The quality and attitude of the staffs will be indirectly affecting the level of customer satisfaction towards Mid Valley Megamall. The important qualities of the staffs are friendliness, helpfulness, communication skill and responsiveness. BUILDING LAYOUT Challenge of the management team of Mid Valley Megamall is to ensure the customers willing to visit Mid Valley Megamall repeatedly. Mid Valley Megamall is a customer-centric shopping centre which offers best and wide range of services. It is operated by an experienced team of industry experts to ensure the innovative marketing and leasing initiatives. Besides, Mid Valley Megamall was invested over millions in comprehensive store renovation and upgrading activities in order to improve and enhance the malls environment. In terms of marketing, Mid Valley Megamall has planned the promotion aggressively with the mission to provide the delightful shopping experience to the shoppers. In order to bring excitement and hour of enjoyment to the shoppers, visual merchandising are used in creating a unique atmosphere for the public and enhance the competitiveness of Mid Valley Megamall. The marketing and promotional activities are supported by themed and strong-concept in-house events throughout the mall such as Mid Valley Megamall Fashion Week 2009 which introduce the hottest spring or summer collections through the fabulous design and chic runway shows. This show is designated for the fashion lover. During different festivals such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Merry Christmas celebration, Mid Valley Megamall will decorate the centre court into atmosphere with unique and attractive theme. Mid Valley Megamall was the only shopping mall in Asia that achieved international recognition in MAXI Awards ceremony held in Hollywood last year. This award is organized by International Council of Shopping Centres. For the Hari Raya celebration 2008, Mid Valley Megamall themed as Cherish The Good Old Days in a Brand New Way that create a harmony atmosphere. This unique theme help Mid Valley Megamall won in the Visual Merchandising category of the MAXI Award. 3.5 SUMMARY This chapter has discussed about the research process which include the research framework, research method and purpose, population of questionnaire, the scale for the questions and distributing method. A case study in Mid Valley Megamall has been discussed in this chapter; it includes the background, description, mission and vision of Mid Valley Megamall. Furthermore, the factors that influences the customer satisfaction being discussed for the case study of Mid Valley Megamall. The factors are location and accessibility, infrastructure and facilities, product and services, staff and building layout.

Comparing the Stories of Mark and Peter Essay -- Religion, Gospel

The stories of Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection in the gospels Mark and Peter differ greatly. Each author has his own plot, descriptive language, audience and characterization of Jesus. What we know about Jesus and how he is portrayed changes between the gospels. For example, the Gospel of Mark uses many Jewish references and makes parallels to the Old Testament which was most likely for the benefit of a Jewish audience. Also, the Jesus in Mark’s gospel is characterized to be more divine, befitting the expectations of the Jewish community. However, The Gospel of Peter seems to entertain both a pagan and Jewish audience, using language that either group could relate to. The Jesus of Peter is oddly portrayed and is more akin to what we would think as superhuman rather than divine. The most obvious differences between the crucifixion and resurrection stories in the Gospel of Mark and the Gospel of Peter lie in their plots. These differences, in effect, change our conceptions of Jesus. In the Gospel of Mark it begins with Jesus before Pilate but in the Gospel of Peter it begins with some kind of council between Pontius Pilate and Herod. In the Gospel of Mark we see Jesus on trial being accused of many things. Pilate asks Jesus â€Å"Are you king of the Jews?† and Jesus replies â€Å"You say so,† and we see a Jesus that is above slander and empty accusations. (Mark 15.2) By saying this, Jesus never admits anything. While he does go along with what they are doing to him; he makes no comment on whether their accusations or rumors about him are true. A position that lets us know Jesus is taking the high road. However, in the Gospel of Peter we do not have the luxury of starting with such a conception, in fact we do not even get to see Jesus u... ...ived. In Mark there are these Jewish undertones that make Jesus out to be a divine and respectable figure that was put through so much during his passion, crucifixion, and resurrection. In Peter, we have a strange view of Jesus. He can be perceived as a human that had extraordinary gifts, and supernatural events simply occurred around him. In Peter there was also even more crazy phenomena not seen in the canonical texts. An example of this phenomenon would be when a floating cross appeared and then proceeded to talk. Both texts present these very different views of Jesus while at the same time propose questions that cannot really be answered definitively. The only thing that is definite is that both Mark and Peter used their plots and languages to really influence how their audiences view Jesus. Jesus was emphasized as more divine in Mark and more human in Peter.

Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- Literary Analysis, Eudora Welty

Why I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her family’s home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the reader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister. Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a very small town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, being the center of attention for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo returns home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even before she came back to China Grove. The reader gets clear evidence of Sister’s jealousy toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says â€Å"She’s always had anything in the world she wanted and then she’d throw it away.†(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for many reasons, and this is the beginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the middle of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her arrogance and dismay that she’s losing the center of attention when she says â€Å"There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states in, â€Å"And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her life†¦I’d simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.†(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes giving her the attention she is longing for. Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her sister that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sister’s desperate need for attention. Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- Literary Analysis, Eudora Welty Why I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her family’s home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the reader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister. Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a very small town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, being the center of attention for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo returns home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even before she came back to China Grove. The reader gets clear evidence of Sister’s jealousy toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says â€Å"She’s always had anything in the world she wanted and then she’d throw it away.†(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for many reasons, and this is the beginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the middle of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her arrogance and dismay that she’s losing the center of attention when she says â€Å"There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states in, â€Å"And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her life†¦I’d simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.†(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes giving her the attention she is longing for. Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her sister that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sister’s desperate need for attention. Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- Literary Analysis, Eudora Welty Why I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her family’s home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the reader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister. Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a very small town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, being the center of attention for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo returns home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even before she came back to China Grove. The reader gets clear evidence of Sister’s jealousy toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says â€Å"She’s always had anything in the world she wanted and then she’d throw it away.†(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for many reasons, and this is the beginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the middle of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her arrogance and dismay that she’s losing the center of attention when she says â€Å"There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states in, â€Å"And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her life†¦I’d simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.†(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes giving her the attention she is longing for. Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her sister that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sister’s desperate need for attention.

Black Boy :: essays research papers

The Crying of Lot 49 In a story as confusing and ambiguous as Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, it is difficult to connect any aspect of the book to a piece of modern culture. However, Oedipa’s quest, her search for the truth, and the paranoia therein, are inherent in the plots of today’s most-watched television and movies. Though many themes from the story can be tied to modern culture, perhaps the most prominent is the theme of a quest for truth. Oedipa’s quest is best represented via a popular FOX television show called The X-Files.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first sight, the comparison is almost too obvious. Agent Fox Mulder, played by David Duchovny, seeks the truth behind the apparent mystery of alien abduction and the supernatural, a quest that he dubs â€Å"the X-Files†. Oedipa, too, is looking for the truth underneath her mystery: WASTE. Both characters yearn for the truth behind events, a truth that may or may not exist, in mysteries that fold plots upon themselves endlessly. Beyond the obvious similarities, however, lie more, almost uncanny, parallels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though both Mulder and Oedipa claim to seek the truth, what they both seek is resolution to the questions within themselves. For example, it is understood by fans of The X-Files that Mulder began his search for extraterrestrial life with the supposed alien abduction of his sister. The quest for the truth, then, is personalized for Agent Mulder, as he himself claims that he would not work as an FBI agent if his sister had not been [supposedly] abducted. Oedipa is on a personal quest as well. No other character in the story seeks the â€Å"truth† behind WASTE, the muted courier’s horn, the play The Courier’s Tragedy, Pierce Inverarity’s stamps, and a secret postal service. In fact, no one else has ever before made such a [possibly ridiculous] connection! So, as both characters seek their personal truths, they slowly begin to fear that no answer exists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The motives of these two seekers are important, and indeed similar. There seems to be an obsession to find a truth in symbols (be they horns or crop circles), a truth that both characters come to realize may not even exist. By definition, obsession is â€Å"a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often unreasonable idea or feeling†. Therefore, the moment that their questions are absolved, the moment that their hypotheses are proved, the quest and its subsequent paranoia, frustration, and pain are removed.

Health Advocacy Campaign Essay

Health Advocacy Campaign: Fighting Mental Illnesses one Day at A Time Millions of American’s are affected by mental health illnesses. As a nurse I understand that mental health illnesses have no respect of person. The National Alliance on Mental Illness reported that approximately 61.5 million Americans are affected by mental illness in a given year, and almost 13.6 million individuals live with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, depression, or bipolar disorder (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2013). http://www.nami.org/factsheets/mentalillness_factsheet.pdf. Further, data revealed that 20 percent of youth ages 13 to 18 years old have experienced severe mental disorders within a given year, and about 13 percent of these populations are pediatrics patients that range between the ages of ages 8 to 15 years old. The United States spends nearly $193.2 billion per year on mental health diseases (NAMI, 2013) proving that mental health illnesses are a major public health concern. Crises around the world have caused a greater shift in the efforts to promote wellness within communities. Public health priorities are more geared towards communities working together to combat the devastating tragedies that continue to affect many schools and communities within the United States. It has been estimated that by the year 2020 depression will be the second largest killer, and many communities and schools have already begin to experience the horrific repercussions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a health advocacy campaign that will more readily identify mental health illnesses as well as explore realistic methods to promote policies as well as improve community health outcomes. Population Health Issue and Population Affected Depression is a chronic medical condition that affects the way in which individuals feel, think, and behave. At some time in every individuals life sadness will be experienced; however, depression is far more serious. Depression is a lifelong disorder that requires ongoing medical treatment. Yearly, depression affects approximately 9.5 percent of the United States adult population, but the pediatric population has recently been identified as the fastest growing population diagnosed with clinical depression (Uplift Program, 2004). http://www.upliftprogram.com/depression_stats.html#statistics. Research has  found that depression stems from trauma, stressful life situations, and environmental exposures. Even though genetics may be a factor, depression episodes are usually trigged by some type of upsetting or traumatic event. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) estimates that approximately 11 percent of adolescents are diagnosed with a depressive disorder by age of 18 years old (National Institute of Mental Health, 2014), which seems quite alarming because depression is not easily recognized in pediatric populations. Although, if close attention is paid changes can be noted in general interaction with peers such as: increased irritability, anger, aggression, social isolation, and low self-esteem. Most recently there have been an increasing number in school shootings. Although, all the shooters except one have committed suicide the assumed causes have been linked to some type of traumatic stressful situation such as bullying or exposure to afflicted violence. Research completed by psychiatrist Meena Vythilingam found that extreme stress and trauma has effects on portions of the brain leading to improper functioning of the body’s memory and control of emotions. ( cite article ) When mental illnesses are left untreated serious impairment in daily functioning occurs. Therefore, early screenings and treatments in pediatric populations are essential. Nature Neuroscience 5, 1242 – 1247 (2002) Published online: 15 October 2002; | doi:10.1038/nn958 Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma Mark W. Gilbertson1, 2, Martha E. Shenton2, 3, 4, Aleksandra Ciszewski4, Kiyoto Kasai4, Natasha B. Lasko1, 2, 5, Scott P. Orr1, 2, 5& Roger K. Pitman2, 5 Advocacy Programs Researched in this Area Advocacy programs researched in mental health disorders included the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. The DBSA is an impactful organization that offers a multitude of support groups for youth and adults throughout the United States. The DBSA has multiple chapters and networks located within each state and are also tech savvy. Support services can be accessed through the web in real time; therefore, participants can join meetings virtually and partake in the ongoing support and promotion of wellness and recovery. The major benefits of DBSA are to enhance wellness by  helping individuals that suffer from depression look at the positivity that life can offer understanding that with treatment and recovery one can live a life of joy and happiness. Additionally, the program offers a 4 week course titled Living Successfully with a Mood Disorder that can be facilitated by advocates within communities as efforts to teach individuals how to live healthy, full, meaningful lives while living with a mental health disorder. Furthermore, if there is any reason an individual cannot attend their community facilitated session on Living successfully with a Mood Disorder the DBSA offers online courses as a way of reaching as many individuals as possible. To date the DBSA have developed a strategic plan which remolded their vision for wellness for individuals living with mood disorders as well as set innovative values that are established to support their direction of moving forward. http://www.dbsalliance.org/site/PageServer?pagename=home—citation The National Alliance on Mental Illness is another organization that advocates for community support and recovery of mental health disorders. NAMI has become known as one of the most popular organizations for supporting and advocating for mental illness throughout United States worldwide. The organization prides itself on its commitment to campaigning for access to services, treatment, and continuing research as they raise community awareness for individuals in need. Because NAMI understands the damaging and devastating effects that mental illnesses can create within communities the organization works diligently to make sure lives are saved daily. Furthermore, NAMI has also been a big influence politically. They have made national investment in lifesaving research and have rallied for the equality of mental health care. Additionally, the organization prides itself on successfully addressing the stigmas of mental illnesses through social media and signature educational programs that can be viewed as symbols of help and hope for communities, families, and individuals. Promoting public awareness will always be their main objective as they passionately work to ensure positive outcomes for all American youth and adults. Effective Attributes of the Programs To date both programs are currently meeting todays societal needs, outreaching through social media, as well as having tangible advocate that  can be contacted for support and help in times of need. There compassion and commitment to increasing and promoting community awareness have included outreach efforts worldwide. Moreover, NAMI has even further extended their efforts to address the challenges of our changing world through supporting virtual communities of help and hope to millions through social media channels such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and their very own website titled NAMI.org. Health Advocacy Plan According to the U.S. Surgeon General 11 percent of youth have been diagnosed with a mental health illness and more alarming statistics reveals that two-thirds of America’s youth who have a condition have not been identified nor have they received mental health services (Cite http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/legislative-priorities). My health advocacy plan focuses on the early identification, treatment, and recovery of mental health illnesses within pediatric populations proposing a policy addition to the Mental Health Awareness and Improvement Act of 2013 (S. 689). Currently the Act addresses the country mental health crises from an educational and public health standpoint. The educational standpoint focuses on promoting school-wide prevention through the development of positive behavioral supports and encouraging school-based mental health partnerships. The public health standpoint focuses on suicide prevention, helping children recover from traumatic events, mental health awareness for teachers and other individuals, and assessing barriers to integrating behavioral health and primary care ( cite). In addition to the current Act there needs to be an increase in efforts towards earlier identification of behavioral and emotional problems so that appropriate referrals for mental health can be assessed as early as possible facilitating ongoing follow up care and treatment for identified disorders. Efforts will include screening pediatric patient’s ages 3 to18 years for during well child exams. Local Health Departments, Pediatric offices, and Family Care Practices should be required to utilize The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) screening tool during well child exams. The PSC-17 screening tool which is recommended by the AAP will be completed by the parent or adult that the child lives with if the child is between ages 3 to 1 1 years old. Children between the ages of 12 to 18 years will complete to form by themselves with parental supervision. It  will be explained to parents/adults and teens that the enactment of the Affordable Care Act have encouraged a greater focus on preventive screenings; therefore, the visit today will encompass a comprehensive level of care that includes screenings to identify any risk factors that children may be subjected too. Parents/adults and teens will further be provided with clear directions on how to complete the form to determine the child’s risk for mental health problems in three different categories. The form will then be assessed and evaluated by the Physician/Practitioner or Registered Nurse based on the parents/adults or teens responses, determining the child’s risk and further needs for evaluation of care. If results are within normal limits the parents/adults and teen will be provided with positive reinforcements; however, if the results are abnormal the Physician/Practitioner will provide positive reinforcements along with a referral if the parent/adult consents f or further evaluation and ongoing care by a pediatric psychiatrist. Additionally, because we have a team of school nurses that work directly with children daily within the school systems this tool will further be utilized to recognize cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems so that a greater percentage of the pediatric populations are reached and screened. In efforts to address ongoing follow up care and treatment, collaboration has been established with a local outpatient mental health and rehab center that provides comprehensive services to children and adults. All positive results and referrals will be forwarded and communicated with a designated nurse at the outpatient center and contact will be made with families from the designated nurse within 1-2 business days. The two entities which are the Richland Public Health Department and Catalyst Life Services will maintain ongoing communication regarding the child’s and families continuing progress, along with providing and directing needed resources as the needs arise. Objectives for the Policy Implemented: By January 1, 2015 at the end of the child’s well child visit parents or the adult that the child is living with will understand the significance and importance of early screening for pediatric depression and ongoing services if needed. By January 1, 2015 all children screening positive for depression will receive ongoing treatment and services that are evidence based  incorporating therapeutic knowledge that is individualized to each child’s specific needs within 30 days from the initial well child visit. By January 2015, Yearly well child exams will be scheduled and kept by the parents with reminder calls and/or letters sent out in the mail 30 days before scheduled appointment, then again 1 week before scheduled appointment. By January 2015, Communication between RPH and Catalyst regarding status/progress updates will be documented in the child’s EMR every other month documenting how the child and family are doing with treatment and follow up care. Data and Evidence to Substantiate Proposed Need— http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/3/348.full citation In a 2011 study published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology many physicians cited several barriers as reasons for not assessing and screening pediatric patients for psychosocial concerns, with the biggest barrier being time constraints. The study also found that during a National survey 29-50% of parents reported that their child’s pediatrician was not screening their child/children for mental health issues or concerns. So, the AAP has been diligent, formulating and designing a pediatric symptom checklist scoring tool that has a moderate to high sensitivity and specificity in efforts to address cited barriers for physician neglecting to screen pediatric populations during well child exams. The PSC-17 checklist and screening tool is a quick, easy, and effective way to identify cognitive, emotional, and behavioral which facilitates the initiation of interventions as soon as possible for identified mental health problems. Another study published in the American Academy of Pediatrics found that pediatricians and other primary care clinicians have only focused their attention on meeting the primary care needs of the child, forgoing evaluation of mental health disorders. The article further explored the values of the AAP policy statement which addresses the importance of improving pediatric populations’ health services as well as community services. Researched data has revealed that mental health concerns not only exist within the child, but includes all aspects of the child’s life such as family, school, community, and many other exposures they child may be vulnerable to. With the increasing number of school shootings communities as  well as primary care providers have shown an interested in advocating and enhancing mental services within communities as well as outreaching and forming partnerships with local mental health agencies, community health activists, child protective and juvenil e justice, local health departments, and schools. Improving patient’s health outcomes by shifting the health care system towards quality over quantity is imperative. Section 2713 titled Coverage of Preventive Health Services requires all healthcare plans to cover preventive services, as well as pediatric preventive services and screenings recommended by the Health Resources and Services Administration. HRSA works in connection with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, whose main goal is improving access to health care by strengthening the health care workforce, building healthy communities, and achieving health equity (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2014). Therefore, HRSA provides grants to multiple organizations as efforts are implemented towards improving and expanding health care services for underserved communities throughout the United States. How Attributes of Effective Advocacy Programs Researched Can Be Applied to this Proposed Campaign Attributes of effective advocacy programs researched can be applied to the proposed campaign by networking and outreaching with organizations and individuals that share the same compassion and commitment towards increasing and promoting community awareness about mental health illnesses. Further attributes include creating partnerships that fosters marketing skills that capitalize on combining resources to increase greater support and power than on organization would have alone. The DBSA and NAMI also have multiple chapters and networks located within each state; therefore, the utilization of trusted organization could also be utilized as conglomerates for regular contact, name recognition, and credibility in efforts to promote ongoing care and support of wellness and recovery through screening pediatric population. Legal Considerations All nurses should be familiar with the basic legal concepts of nursing practice acts and laws. Nursing practice is governed by many laws;  therefore, it is essential that nurses assume accountability for their professional nursing judgments and actions. Enactment of Policy through Modification of Existing Policy OR Creation of New Legislation Policies to address the mental health crisis throughout America has become of great concern for today’s youth. In April of 2013 the Mental Health Awareness and Improvement Act of 2013 (S. 689) was submitted to Congress to reauthorize and improve programs related to mental health and substance use disorders. Because of the identified risk from 2011 statistical data within my own community (13% of 6th -12th grade youth had seriously considered suicide and 6% of youth had attempted suicide. Further finds found that 265 of youth reported feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more which stopped them from doing regular activities and 41% of youth reported they would seek help for sadness and 14% did not know where to seek help) professional self-regulation needs to occur. According to Milstead, legislators may make adjustments to bills during several points of review so it is important that Advanced Practice Nurses monitor bills during this process so they can apply influences for positive outcomes ( Milsted, 75). Although, the bill addresses the use of positive behavioral interventions and supports, early intervening services, and school-based mental health programs to improve academic achievement and reduce disciplinary actions (cite https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s689/text); however, further modifications should be considered to further improve this existing policy. Pediatric screenings for mental health disorders should be mandatory for all office and clinic based physicians/practitioners/providers that provide well child exams to children ages 3 to 18 years old. This will ensure that all pediatric populations are being reached and early identification of behavioral problems can be addressed as soon as possible as efforts to prevent, promote, and protect communities. How Existing Laws or Regulations could Impact My Advocacy The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is one law that could positively impact my advocacy. The ACA requires coverage of preventive health services as well as all healthcare plans to cover preventive services such as pediatric preventive services and screenings, which are recommended  and supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration. Because the HRSA works in connection with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services efforts are focused on building healthier communities and achieving health equality. Therefore, the HRSA provides grants to organizations as efforts are implemented towards improving and expanding health care services for underserved communities throughout the United States and as a result, nurses are capable of outreaching and marketing to form relevant political relationships to assist in supporting and backing legislation. According to Milsted (p.49) nurses utilize persuasion to achieve desired goals because policy makers not know everything about nursing specialties; therefore, nurses can utilize performance measures to showcase continuous monitoring when reporting progress and ongoing efforts to improve organizational programs. Moreover, the main goal is to report to policy makers what has been contributed and how it has positively affected community health outcomes.